Saturday, March 5, 2016

Headlamps and MPGs

Headlamps and MPGs

While driving on the Golden Gate Bridge this week, I remarked to my wife that all cars now have unique Headlamps and that this only came about 30 years ago.  Before that headlamps were either round or square and mounted flush with the grills of the vehicles at 90 degrees to the road.  The old round and square headlamps caused air flow to be interrupted and increased the coefficient of drag of the vehicle.

The photo below of a 1980 Honda Accord shows this

  

By 1985 Honda was hiding the headlamps in a retractable housing




Then came the molded plastic headlamps in 1990 and the beginning of more aerodynamic fronts to vehicles



 Now that we have reached 2016  the fronts are far more aerodynamic and streamlined



Folks back in the 1930s also produced streamlined vehilces.  The Tatra pictured below is one such vehicle.  Read up on it in the wiki link as well



The poor Tatra tried to make the most out of the old round Headlamps.  Interestingly the Tatra had a coefficient of drag of 0.24.  The Hummer H2 which is like moving a brick through air has a coefficient of drag of 0.57.  The amount of power needed to break through air at the same speed is directly proportional to the coefficient of drag.  If 24 BHP were needed to break through the air for the Tatra at speed X then 57 BHP would be needed for the Hummer to break through the air at speed X.


The Tatra of eighty years ago had the same coefficient of drag as the Tesla Model S.



If Tatra had the opportunity to use headlights from 2016 rather than what was available eighty years ago the Tatra not the Tesla would be the talk of the town and Hand Ledwinka not Elon Musk would be on every Greenies’ lips.  Interesting the first three letters in Ledwinka are LED and we are now moving rapidly to adopting LED headlamps for vehicles.




By my estimate the 800 million vehicles on the roads of planet earth that have molded headlamps save 25 gallons each a year compared to if they had the old fashioned flat round or square headlamps.  Each gallon of gasoline emits approximately 25 pounds of CO2 (well to wheels).  Therefore molded headlamps save 500 billion pounds of CO2 emissions per year or 250 million short tons a year of CO2 emissions.  This is approximately equal to the amount of CO2 that 1.4 billion humans breathe out.  I love the style of the new headlamps and there should be a headlamp exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art.

37 comments:

  1. Lindsey, you make interesting points here. For what it's worth, around 1938 General Electric got all the states, and eventually the US federal government, to limit all headlamps to round 7" sealed beams, which GE had commercialized. At some point the use of streamlining covers was prohibited. Thus, if you look at cars imported in the 60s, 70s, 80s....the European models often had such covers but the US cars came with the sealed beams exposed. VW beetles are an example but there are many others. Jaguar XKE for example. Eventually several sizes of sealed beams were authorized, and later the system was opened up, but for decades headlight design was locked down at a certain level, though it progressed in Europe.

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  2. I see I misspelled your name. But I don't see an edit capability. Sorry about that.

    Alan

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  3. Yep. The Complex pushed CO2 Emissions way back in the 1960's. Climate Warming Denial is just the latest in a litany of Commercial Interests over Societal Interests. Why can't we just use Insurance, just in case? ?

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  4. خانواده یکی از پایه های اصلی هر جامعه ای به شمار می رود. اما متاسفانه امروزه می توان به وضوح افزایش علل طلاق مثل مشکلات اقتصادی، اعتیاد و .. را دید و به طور حتم شاهد افزایش انواع طلاق نیز هستیم. اما واقعا تنها همین ها را باید برای طلاق در نظر داشته باشیم!

    پس آن همه عشق و علاقه ای که در ابتدای زندگی بود چه می شود. شاید کمی عصبانی هستید و دارید زود تصمیم می گیرید.از خواننده خواهشمندیم کمی صبورانه و با تامل بیشتر به کاری که می خواهد انجام دهد فکر کند. از انواع طلاق می توان به طلاق رجعی و طلاق بائن اشاره کرد که طلاق بائن خود به شش قسمت تقسیم می شود. در این مقاله به اصلی ترین آن ها اشاره کرده ایم.
    اقسام و انواع طلاق

    طبق ماده 1143 قانون مدنی در کشور ما انواع طلاق بر دو شکل است: طلاق رجعی که در آن مرد اجازه رجوع دارد و طلاق بائن که در حقیقت دادخواست طلاق از طرف زن است و پس از طلاق مرد حق رجوع به زن را ندارد مگر تحت شرایطی که در ادامه توضیح داده خواهد شد.
    اقسام و انواع طلاق

    اقسام و انواع طلاق
    طلاق رجعی

    نوعی از انواع طلاق است که در ایام عده مرد به لحاظ شرعی و قانونی میتواند رجوع کند در حقیقت طلاق رجعی طلاق از طرف مرد است. طلاق رجعی، رابطه زوجیت را از بین نمیبرد مگر با دو عامل طلاق و انقضای عده

    زن در مدت عده طلاق رجعی زوجه محصوب می گردد وباید تا پایان عده زن ومرد در یک منزل زندگی کنند، در این زمان که حدود سه ماه (سه طهر، طهر واحد شرعی محاسبه ی عده است که می توانید مقاله عده را در همین سایت بخوانید) است مرد موظف به دادن نفقه ی زوجه می باشد. اگر در این مدت مرد به زوجه رجوع کند که دیگر طلاق منتفی است ودر صورتی که چنین نشود در پایان عده جهت طلاق و ثبت به دفترخانه مراجعه می کنند.

    به این موضوع مهم توجه داشته باشید که در صورت وقوع رجوع حداکثر تا یک ماه فرصت ثبت این موضوع در دفترخانه را دارید در غیر این صورت به حبس تعزیری و یا جزای نقدی محکوم خواهید شد.

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