The world is looking for a lower carbon intensive liquid
fuel for transportation. The massive
logistical hassles of liquefying, transporting, and storing natural gas
(methane) have made this fuel hardly available for motorists and truckers even
after many years of effort and the massive amount of dollars invested. Converting gas to liquids through chemical
synthesis is very wasteful of the energy content of the natural gas and is also
extremely capital intensive. As an
example we should consider Shell Oil with their massively cost overrun Qatar
Pearl GTL Project and their now abandoned GTL project in Louisiana that are
linked below.
Lindsay Leveen The Green Machine (CTO of ITZ A GAZ Inc.
Tiburon, CA) has formulated a simple yet elegant solution for a USA sourced
liquid fuel that is economic, is less carbon intensive than gasoline or diesel,
and is still widely available with the fuel actually is in large surplus. This fuel is ethane (C2H6). Yes ethane is the step sister of the other
natural gas liquids propane and butane.
It is also the step sister of methane in pipelined natural gas. There are limits to the quantity of ethane
that can be sold in pipeline natural gas.
The shale gas revolution in the USA has brought about vast coproduction
of ethane with natural gas. The USA is
actually swimming in ethane.
Companies are planning ethane crackers to convert ethane to ethylene
and ethylene’s petrochemical derivatives such as polyethylene and PVC. More plastics are not what the world
needs! Other companies are lining up to
cryogenically liquefy and transport ethane to far off lands in Europe and Asia
in specialty LNG type cryogenically refrigerated ships. This is also a waste of our ethane resource
and an expensive and non-green option to deal with the glut of ethane.
The Green Machine proposes to simply compress ethane to a sufficient
yet fairly low pressure at which it liquefies at room temperature. Yes in a welding tank in an auto shop or an
oxygen tank you see at a hospital, ethane will become a liquefied gas at
moderate and safe pressure. Ethane like
carbon dioxide, propane, and butane are all stored as liquid in those gas
cylinders. The basic welding cylinder is
90% filled with liquid ethane. By
storing the ethane fuel as a liquid under pressure, many more BTUS of fuel can
be stored in the same volume of cylinder compared with CNG. Compared with LNG there is much less
logistical and infrastructure hassle in the supply chain to get the liquid
ethane fuel aboard a vehicle. Ethane is
a really good fuel on a gaseous per cubic foot basis and has 70% more BTUs per
scf than methane. It is also clean
burning and low in sulfur like methane.
The Green Machine estimates that only 3% of the energy
content of the ethane will be lost to compress it into liquid state in a gas
cylinder. For the same size gas
cylinder the ethane powered vehicle will travel more than twice the range of a
similarly equipped CNG vehicle. The
ethane powered vehicle will emit less CO2 per mile than a gasoline fueled vehicle
as ethane is less carbon intensive and richer in hydrogen than gasoline (3
hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom in ethane versus only 2 to 1 in gasoline).
Companies are considering projects to covert ethane gas to
liquids by reforming the gas and then synthesizing methanol, DME, gasoline, or
diesel from the synthesis gas produced in the reforming. This is massively capital intensive and
wastes over half of the energy content of the gas with large amounts of CO2
being emitted due to the low efficiency of the gas to liquids synthesis process.
The Green Machine is suggesting a national energy policy for
the USA that adds ethane directly as liquid ethane into the transportation fuel
mix. Railroad locomotives are a first
target for the proposed ethane fueling conversion. Railroads have investigated and considered
LNG but the logistics and costs of a cryogenic fuel are simply too high. It is very simple and easy for a train to
have several tube trailers of ethane on flat bed carriages behind the
locomotive that supply the ethane fuel to the locomotive for the long haul
propulsion of trains. For shunting and rail-yard
work the locomotive could easily be fueled from a single tube trailer on a
carriage behind the locomotive.
If the Green Machine Ethane Idea is adopted it is quite
possible that as much as a quarter million barrels a day of surplus ethane that
is now being reinjected or flared could compliment the gasoline and diesel the
USA uses in transportation. This is
about 2% of the total gallons of transport fuel other than jet airplane fuel
that is consumed in the US on a daily basis.
Note a gallon of ethane has approximately half the fuel content of a
gallon of diesel. Hence two gallons of
ethane will substitute for one gallon of diesel. All that is needed is for larger companies
to join the ethane bandwagon. No
government subsidy is needed as liquid ethane is only worth about 30 cents a
gallon (at its trading point in Mont Belvieu Texas) and when expressed on a
diesel equivalent basis this is only 60 cents a gallon of diesel
equivalent. There is a lot of value add
to pay for the logistics of compression and hauling of ethane to get it aboard
cars, trucks, and trains.

Lindsay Leveen is the recipient of the 2011 Professional
Development Award from the Northern California Section of the American
Institute of Chemical Engineers. He also
wrote the primer on energy and sustainability titled Hydrogen Hope or Hype? and
is available as an Ebook.
Kimberly King an Energy and Sustainability Engineer and Lindsay Leveen have submitted the ethane
transportation fuel idea to the Climate Colab at the MIT Center for Collective
Intelligence.
If you like the idea please hit the “support
proposal” tab on the link below.
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل اثاث بالدمام التفاؤل شركة نقل اثاث بالخبر كما انها افضل شركة نقل اثاث بالجبيل نقل عفش واثاث بالجبيل والخبر والقطيف والدمام
شركة نقل اثاث بالدمام
شركة نقل اثاث بالجبيل
شركة نقل اثاث بالقطيف
ReplyDeleteشركة المتحدة
شركة نقل عفش بالمدينة المنورة
شركة نقل عفش بالرياض
شركة نقل عفش بجدة
شركة نقل عفش بمكة
شركة نقل عفش بالطائف
شركة نقل عفش بينبع
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل عفش بالدمام
شركة نقل عفش بنجران
شركة نقل عفش بخميس مشيط
شركة نقل عفش بابها
شركة نقل عفش بحائل
شركة نقل عفش ببريدة
شركة نقل عفش بالقصيم
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل عفش بتبوك
شركة نقل عفش بالخبر
شركة نقل عفش بالاحساء
شركة نقل عفش بالقطيف
شركة نقل عفش بالجبيل
شركة نقل عفش بحفر الباطن
You can mention Pro Auto Transport's name and given code to the shipping company to get additional discount.car shipping
ReplyDeleteNice knowledge gaining article. This post is really the best on this valuable topic. long island party bus rentals
ReplyDeleteMining companies have always viewed the actual transportation of these minerals to their destination one of the most problematic steps of the whole mining operation, minerals being hard to deal with and requiring much precaution and safety measures Alexander Mirza
ReplyDelete20180807 junda
ReplyDeleteair jordan release dates
longchamp bags
kobe 9
tory burch outlet
undefeated clothing
pandora charms
nba jerseys
coach outlet online
ugg boots clearance
nuggets jerseys
Vehicle transportation brokers provide transport services across the United States and in many cases internationally as well. https://www.atlanticway.lt/sandeliavimo-paslaugos/
ReplyDeleteCheck out our recommendations for the best portable generators. ... A generator can offer a convenient source of backup power to your home in case of power ... If your unit is powered by gas or propane, you'll champion 3800 dual fuel generator reviews
ReplyDeleteشركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام
ReplyDeleteالتطور المستمر للشركة سواء من الناحية التكنولوجية أو الميدانية فكلاً منهما يعطي فائدة كبرى للأخرى، حيث تجد أن التكنولوجيا الحديثة التي تستخدمها شركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام بالمعدات والأجهزة سهلت الأمر كثيراً في ميدان العمل عند تنظيف الخزانات شركة عزل خزانات بالدمام
شركة تنظيف خزانات بالخبر
مراعاة الشركة للمعايير والمقاييس الخاص بالسلامة لإعطاء أفضل النتائج، وما كان لنا سوى أن نهتم بذكر تلك النقاط عن كيفية عمل شركة غسيل خزانات بالقطيف شركة تنظيف خزانات بالقطيف
شركة عزل اسطح بالدمام
ReplyDeleteعزيزي العميل نرحب بكم في شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالجبيل هل تعاني من إرتفاع ... شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالخبر شركه تسربات شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالجبيل
شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالخبر
هل تعبت عن البحث على شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالجبيل انتا الان مع شركة الافضل ... شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام هى واحده من افضل الشركات شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام
شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالدمام
ReplyDeleteافضل شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالقطيف شركة انوار طيبة ونصلك اينما كنت نستخدم افضل المبيدات للقضاء علي الحشرات النمل والصراصير وبق الفراش والوزع والنمل الابيض وجميع الحشرات الزاحفة ,مكافحة جميع انواع الحشرات باستخدام افضل المبيدات المستوردة والمحلية لضمان القضاء علي الحشرات مع الضمان وخصومات هائلة شركة مكافحة حشرات بالقطيف
شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالخبر
شركات مكافحة حشرات ورش مبيدات بالدمام هل تبحث عن شركة مكافحة حشرات بالسعودية هل لديك نمل في المطبخ او حشرة البق في الخشب؟ هل عندك صراصير او نمل او فئران وتفسد عليك حياتك في منزلك او شركتك؟ لا تقلق فهناك العديد من شركات مكافحة الحشرات في السعودية وأيضا يوجد العديد من شركة رش مبيدات ومكافحة الحشرات بالدمام شركة مكافحة البق بالجبيل
ان حشرة البق تشكل خطورة كبيرة علي المنازل وحصوصا الاطفال لذلك يمكنك ايجاد الحل الامثل من خلال شركة مكافحة البق بالدمام حيث تضم الشركة افضل الخبراء فهي افضل شركة مكافحة البق بالدمام شركة رش حشرات بالدمام
ReplyDeleteشركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
شركة مكافحة حشرات بالخبر تقدم لكم العديد من الخدمات المميزة، حيث أن الشركة تستطيع مكافحة النمل الابيض بالقطيف بالإضافة إلى كافة أنواع الحشرات الأخرى بكل سهولة وبأحدث الإمكانيات مثل مكافحة البق بالقطيف ومكافحة الصراصير بالقطيف ومكافحة الصراصير بالقطيف ولها فروع مثل شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالخبر
شركة مكافحة البق بالدمام
the best bus and coach service provider is charter buses 4u located in whashington DC, great rates and service we always recommend them to our own clients please feel free to visit our website. We offer chauffeured travel and tour service in Washington DC. learn more : charterbuses4u
ReplyDeletebookmarking and checking back frequently!it people processing it really is another person's renowned company, you will never in the world of the 55 and other lavishness brands supra to uncover which.. https://europa-road.eu/hu/transportation.php
ReplyDeleteTotally awesome posting! Loads of valuable data and motivation, both of which we all need!Relay welcome your work. BEOL
ReplyDeleteI am thankful to you for sharing this plethora of useful information. I found this resource utmost beneficial for me. Thanks a lot for hard work. scott levy fuel
ReplyDeleteAn intriguing exchange is worth comment. I feel that it is ideal to make more on this issue, it may not be an unbelievable topic anyway for the most part individuals are lacking to talk on such subjects. To the accompanying. Salud. https://europa-road.eu/hu/transportation.php
ReplyDeleteConsiderable article, I found this resource utmost beneficial for everyone,thank you for sharing the thoughts,We at Property Hunters shifted this service to a level much higher than the broker concept. If you willing to purchase property in Qatar please visit us,you can see more details like this article Properties For Sale in The pearl Qatar
ReplyDeleteSince the break up of the Eastern bloc, Budapest has been recognised as something of a hidden gem. Real estate Budapest
ReplyDeleteRepairs to concrete paving surfaces are more costly to repair than asphalt. They also don't blend as well as asphalt paving does. Especially after asphalt gets freshly seal coated. Paving Amarillo TX
ReplyDeleteBy trying out other airlines, not just going with a national chain that is well-known, you can oftentimes save hundreds of dollars on your seat. And do not concern yourself about the safety of smaller airlines anymore than you would when flying with the "big guys"; airlines all operate under the same safety regulations that are set out by the government - which means that smaller airlines are just as safe (and sometimes safer) than their bigger competitors - and often offer cheaper fares. thy uçak bileti
ReplyDeleteUsually, some of these sites have two stages of e-mail tracking; the preliminary and the concluding lookups. click here
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل عفش برابغ
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل عفش بالباحه
شركة نقل عفش بعسير
شركة نقل عفش بالمجمعة
شركة نقل عفش بشرورة
كيفية نقل العفش بينبع
ReplyDeleteاسعار نقل عفش بينبع
البحث عن شركات نقل العفش بينبع
شركات نقل العفش بخميس مشيط
كيفية نقل العفش بخميس مشيط
اسعار نقل عفش بخميس مشيط
شركة ريلاكس لنقل العفش والاثاث
ReplyDeleteشركة نقل عفش بالطائف
شركة نقل عفش بالرياض
شركة نقل عفش بجدة
شركة نقل عفش بمكة
A boat trip on the Danube in Budapest is equivalent to a mini sight-seeing tour. The river presents a breathtaking view of beautiful old buildings, incredible architecture; lots of history. budapest long term rental
ReplyDeleteİstanbul eşya depolama fiyatlarının belirlenmesi konusunda, fiyatlara etki eden faktörler hakkında detaylı bilgi sahibi olmak gerekmektedir. eşya depolama
ReplyDeleteHere we are Providing Best Template Solution at free of Cast For all kind of Business and Examples, YOu just need to Find to your desire Topic and Download the national id card templates
ReplyDelete